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   Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Volume Two, Chapter 16


                    10. JULIUS STREICHER

Through his words and his deeds Julius Streicher assumed for
himself the unofficial title of "Jew-baiter Number One" of
Nazi Germany. For the course of some twenty-five years,
Streicher educated the German people in hatred and incited
them to the persecution and to the extermination of the
Jewish race. He was an accessory to murder, on a scale
perhaps never attained before.

A. STREICHER'S CAREER AND POSITIONS.

Streicher was born in 1885. He became a school teacher in
Nurnberg and formed a party of his own, which he called the
German Socialist Party. The chief policy of that party was
anti-semitism. In 1922 he handed over his party to Hitler,
who wrote a glowing account of Streicher's generosity in
Mein Kampf (M-3)

The appointments which Streicher held in the Party and state
were few. From 1921 until 1945, he was a member of the Nazi
Party. In 1925 he was appointed Gauleiter of Franconia, and
he remained until about February 1940. From the time

                                                  [Page 690]
                                                            
that the Nazi government came into power in 1933 until 1945
he was a member of the Reichstag. In addition to that, he
held the title of Obergruppenfuehrer in the SA (2975-PS).

The propaganda which Streicher carried out throughout those
years was chiefly done through the medium of his newspapers.
He was the editor and publisher of "Der Stuermer' from 1922
until 1933, and thereafter the publisher and owner of the
paper. In 1933 he also founded and thereafter published a
daily newspaper called the "Fraenkische Tageszeitung."

In addition, in later years he published several other
papers, mostly local journals, from Nurnberg.

B. STREICHER'S PART IN THE REMOVAL OF OPPOSITION
THROUGH ANTI-JEWISH PROPAGANDA AND INCITEMENT.

The course of Streicher's incitement and propaganda may be
traced more or less in chronological order by referring to
short extracts from "Der Stuermer." The extracts which
follow were selected at random. They were selected with a
view to showing the various methods which Streicher employed
to incite the German people against the Jewish race, but his
newspapers are crowded with them, week after week, day after
day. It is impossible to pick up any copy without finding
the same kind of invective and incitement in the headlines
and in the articles.

In a speech which Streicher made in 1922 in Nurnberg, after
abusing the Jews in the first paragraph, he went on to say:

     "We know that Germany will be free when the Jew has
     been excluded from the life of the German people." (M-
     11. ).

In a speech in 1924 he stated:
     
     "I beg you and particularly those of you who carry the
     cross throughout the land to become somewhat more
     serious when I speak of the enemy of the German people,
     namely, the Jew. Not out of irresponsibility or for fun
     do I fight against the Jewish enemy, but because I bear
     within me the knowledge that the whole misfortune was
     brought to Germany by the Jews alone.
     
     "I ask you once more, what is at stake today? The Jew
     seeks domination not only among the German people but
     among all peoples. The communists pave the way for him.
     Do you not know that the God of the Old Testament
     orders the Jews to consume and enslave the peoples of
     the earth?
     
     "The government allows the Jew to do as he pleases. The
     people expect action to be taken. You may think about
     
                                                  [Page 691]
                                                            
     Adolf Hitler as you please, but one thing you must
     admit. He possessed the courage to attempt to free the
     German people from the Jew by a national revolution.
     That was action indeed." (M-12).

In a speech in April 1925 Streicher declared:

     "You must realize that the Jew wants our people to
     perish. That is why you must join us and leave those
     who have brought you nothing but war, inflation, and
     discord. For thousands of years the Jew has been
     destroying the nations. Let us make a new beginning
     today so that we can annihilate the Jews." (M-13)

This appears to be the earliest expression of one of the
conspirators' primary objectives -- the annihilation of the
Jewish race. Fourteen years later it became the official
policy of the Nazi Government.

In April 1932 Streicher made the following statement:

     "For 13 years I have fought against Jewry."
     
                           *******
     
     "We know that the Jew whether he is baptized as a
     Protestant or as a Catholic, remains a Jew. Why cannot
     you realize, you Protestant clergymen, you Catholic
     priests, you who have scales before your eyes and serve
     the god of the Jews who is not the God of Love but the
     God of Hate. Why do you not listen to Christ, who said
     to the Jews, 'You are children of the devil'." (M-14).

(1) The Ant-Jewish Boycott of 1933.

When the Nazi Party came to power, they officially started
their campaign against the Jews by the boycott of 1 April
1933. The boycott was agreed on and approved by the whole
government, as appears from Goebbel's diary (2409-PS).

Streicher vas appointed the chairman of the central
committee for the organization of that boycott. He started
his work on Wednesday, 29 March (2156-PS).

On that same day the central committee issued a proclamation
announcing that the boycott would start on Saturday at 10:00
-AM sharp:

     "Jewry will realize whom it has challenged." (M-7).

On 30 March, two days before the boycott was due to start,
an article was published under the title, "Defeat the Enemy
of the World !by Julius Streicher, official leader of the
central committee to combat the Jewish atrocity and boycott
campaign" (2153-PS). The article stated, in part:

     "Jewry wanted this battle. It shall have it until it
     realizes
     
                                                  [Page 692]
                                                            
     that the Germany of the brown battalions is not a
     country of cowardice and surrender. Jewry will have to
     fight until we have won victory.
     
     "National Socialists! Defeat the enemy of the world.
     Even if the world is full of devils, we shall succeed
     in the end." (2153-PS) .

As head of the central committee for that boycott, Streicher
outlined in detail the organization of the boycott in orders
which the committee published on 31 March 1933 (2154-PS).
The committee stressed that no violence should be employed
against the Jews during the boycott, but not for
humanitarian reasons. The order was issued because, if no
violence were employed, Jewish employers would have no
grounds for discharging their employees without notice, and
for refusing to pay them any wages. The Jews were also
reported, apparently, to be transferring businesses to
German figureheads in order to alleviate the results of this
persecution; accordingly the committee declared that any
property so transferred was to be considered as Jewish for
the purpose of the boycott (2154-PS).

It is therefore clear that early in 1933 Streicher was
taking a leading part, as appointed by the Government, in
the persecution against the Jews.

Further extracts from Streicher's newspapers illustrate the
form which his propaganda developed as the years went on. An
article in the New Year's issue of a new paper founded and
edited by Streicher -- a  semimedical paper called "The
People's Health Through Blood and Soil" -- is an example of
the remarkable lengths to which he went in propagandizing
against the Jews:

     "It is established for all eternity; alien albumen is
     the sperm of a man of alien race. The male sperm in
     cohabitation is partially or completely absorbed by the
     female, and thus enters her bloodstream. One single
     cohabitation of a Jew with an Aryan woman is sufficient
     to poison her blood forever. Together with the alien
     albumen she has absorbed the alien soul. Never again
     will she be able to bear purely Aryan children, even
     when married to an Aryan. They will all be bastards,
     with a dual soul and a body of a mixed breed. Their
     children will also be crossbreeds; that means, ugly
     people of unsteady character and with a tendency to
     illnesses. Now we know why the Jew uses every artifice
     of seduction in order to ravish German girls at as
     early an age as possible; why the Jewish doctor rapes
     his patients while they were under anaesthetic. He
     wants the German
     
                                                  [Page 693]
                                                            
     girl and the German woman to absorb the alien sperm of
     the Jew. She is never again to bear German children.
     But the blood products of all animals right down to the
     bacteria like the serum, lymph, extracts from internal
     organs etc., are all alien albumen. They have a
     poisonous effect if directly introduced into the blood
     stream either by vaccination or by injection. By these
     products of sick animals the blood is ravished, the
     Aryan is impregnated with an alien species. The author
     and abettor of such action is the Jew. He has been
     aware of the secrets of the race question for
     centuries, and therefore plans systematically the
     annihilation of the nations which are superior to him.
     Science and authorities are his instruments for the
     enforcing of pseudo-science and the concealment of
     truth." (M-20).

At the beginning of 1935, the following extract, entitled
"The Chosen People of the Criminals," appeared in "Der
Stuermer":

     " *** and all the same, or, let us say, just because of
     this, the history book of the Jews, which is usually
     called the Holy Scriptures, impresses us as a horrible
     criminal romance, which makes the 150 penny-dreadfuls
     of the British Jew, Edgar Wallace, go green with envy.
     This 'holy' book abounds in murder, incest, fraud,
     theft, and indecency." (2697-PS).

In a speech on 4 October 1935 (the month following the
proclamation of the Nurnberg Decrees) Streicher made a
speech which is reported in the Voelkischer Beobachter and
is entitled in that newspaper "Safeguard of German Blood and
German Honor." The report in that article reads in part:

     "Gauleiter Streicher speaks at a German Labor Front
     mass demonstration for the Nurnberg laws."
     
                           *******
     
     "We have therefore, to unmask the Jew, and that is what
     I have been doing for the past fifteen years." (M-54).

In a leading article in "Der Stuermer" Streicher again
emphasized the part which he himself had taken in this
campaign:

     "The 'Stuermer's' 15 years of work of enlightenment has
     already led an army of those who know -- millions
     strong -- to National Socialism. The continued work of
     the 'Stuermer' will help to ensure that every German
     down to the last man will, with heart and hand, join
     the ranks of those whose aim it is to crush the head of
     the serpent Pan-Juda beneath their heels. He who helps
     to bring this about helps to eliminate the devil, and
     this devil is the Jew." (M-6).

                                                  [Page 694]
                                                            
The extraordinary length to which Streicher went in his
propaganda is illustrated by the publication in "Der
Stuermer" of a photograph of the burning hull of the airship
"Hindenburg, which caught fire in June 1937 in America. The
caption beneath the picture includes the comment:

     "The first radio picture from the United States of
     America shows quite clearly that a Jew stands behind
     the explosion of our airship Hindenburg. Nature has
     depicted clearly and quite correctly that devil in
     human guise."

Although it is not clear from that photograph, the meaning
of that comment is apparently that the cloud of smoke in the
air is in the shape of a Jewish face.

In a speech in September 1937 at the opening of the Wilhelm
Gustloff bridge in Nurnberg, Streicher declared:

     "The man who murdered Wilhelm Gustloff had to come from
     the Jewish people, because the Jewish text books teach
     that every Jew has the right to kill a non-Jew, and,
     indeed, that it is pleasing to the Jewish God to kill
     as many non-Jews as possible.
     
     "Look at the way the Jewish people have been following
     for thousands of years past; everywhere murder,
     everywhere mass murder. Neither must we forget that
     behind present-day wars there stands the Jewish
     financier who pursues his aims and interests. The Jew
     always lives on the blood of other nations; he needs
     such murder and such victims. For us who know, the
     murder of Wilhelm Gustloff is the same as ritual
     murder."
     
     "It is our duty to tell the children at school and the
     bigger ones what this memorial means."
     
                           *******
     
     "The Jew no longer shows himself among us openly as he
     used to. But it would be wrong to say that victory is
     ours. Full and final victory will have been achieved
     only when the whole world has been rid of Jews." (M 4)

Extracts from the correspondence columns of "Der Stuermer,"
show another method which Streicher employed in his
propaganda (M-26; M-27; M-28). The correspondence columns of
every issue are full of purported "letters" from Germans
protesting that some German has been buying shoes from a
Jewish shop, etc., thus by printing these letters assisting
in the general boycott of the Jews.

                                                  [Page 695]
                                                            
(2) "Ritual Murder" Propaganda.

Another form of propaganda employed by Streicher concerned
the "Ritual Murder." Sometime in 1934 "Der Stuermer" began
publishing accounts of Jewish ritual murder which horrified
the whole world to such an extent that even the Archbishop
of Canterbury, together with people from every country in
the world, protested that any government should allow such
matter to be published in their national newspapers.

Streicher based his ritual murder propaganda on a medieval
belief that during their Eastertide celebrations the Jews
were in the habit of murdering Christian children. Streicher
misrepresented this medieval belief to make it appear that
not only was this done in the Middle Ages, but that the Jews
are still doing it and still want to do it. A few passages
from "Der Stuermer" together with descriptions of
photographs published therein will illustrate the type of
propaganda that Streicher was putting out concerning "ritual
murder":
     
     "This the French front-line soldier should take with
     him to France: The German people have taken a new lease
     of life. They want peace, but if anyone tries to attack
     them, if anyone tries to torture them again, if anyone
     tries to push them back into the past, then the world
     would see another heroic epic; then heaven will decide
     where righteousness lies -- here, or where the Jew has
     the whiphand and where he instigates massacres, one
     could almost say the biggest ritual murders of all
     times. If the German people are to be slaughtered
     according to the Jewish rites, the whole world will be
     thus slaughtered at the same time."
     
                           *******
     
     "As you have drummed morning and evening prayers into
     your children's heads, so now drum this into their
     heads, so that the German people may gain the spiritual
     power to convince the rest of the world which the Jews
     desire to lead against us." (M-2).

A photograph published in "Der Stuermer" in April 1937
purports to show three Jews ritually murdering a girl by
cutting her throat, with the blood pouring out into a bucket
on the ground The caption underneath that photograph is as
follows:

     "Ritual murder at Polna. Ritual murder of Agnes Hruza
     by the Jews Hilsner, Erdmann, and Wassermann, taken
     from a contemporary postcard.

Another article in "Der Stuermer", in April 1937, describes
what is alleged to happen when ritual murder takes place,
and the blood is mixed with the bread and drunk by the Jews
in their

                                                  [Page 696]
                                                            
feast. During the feast the head of the family is supposed
to explain:

     "May all gentiles perish -- as the child whose blood is
     contained in the bread and wine." (2699-PS).

An article in "Der Stuermer" for July 1938 has these further
remarks to make on "ritual murder":

     "Whoever had the occasion to be an eye-witness during
     the slaughtering of animals or to see at least a
     truthful film on the slaughtering-will never forget
     this horrible experience. It is atrocious. And
     unwillingly, he is reminded of the crimes which the
     Jews have committed for centuries on men. He will be
     reminded of the ritual murder. History points out
     hundreds of cases in which non-Jewish children were
     tortured to death. They also were given the same
     incision through the throat as is found on slaughtered
     animals. They also were slowly bled to death while
     fully conscious." (2700-PS).

On special occasions, or when Streicher had some particular
subject matter to put before Germany, he was in the habit of
issuing special editions of "Der Stuermer." "Ritual murder"
was such a special subject that he issued one of these
special editions dealing solely with it, in May 1939. One of
the photographs published in this issue shows a child having
knives stuck into its side, from which blood is spurting;
and below the pedestal on which the child stands are five
presumably dead children bleeding on the ground. The caption
beneath that picture reads as follows: "In the year 1476 the
Jews in Regensburg murdered six boys. They drew their blood
and tortured them to death in an underground vault which
belongs to the Jew Josfel. The judges found the body of the
murdered boys; and blood stains are on an altar."

Two other pictures are explained by their captions. One
reads: "For the Jewish New Year celebrations in 1913, World
Jewry published this picture. On the Jewish New Year and on
the Day of Atonement the Jews slaughtered a so-called
'kapores' cock; that is to say, dead cock, whose blood and
death is intended to purify the Jews. In 1913 the 'kapores'
cock had the head of the Russian Czar Nicholas II. By
publishing this postcard the Jews intended to say that
Nicholas II would be their next purifying sacrifice. On 6
July 1918, the Czar was murdered by the Jews Jurowsky and
Goloschtschekin."

The other picture shows the Jews holding a similar bird:

     "***the 'kapores' cock which has the head of the
     
                                                  [Page 697]
                                                            
     Fuehrer. The Hebrew script says that one day Jews will
     kill all Hitlerites. Then the Jews will be delivered
     from all misfortunes, but in due course the Jews will
     realize that they have reckoned without an Adolf
     Hitler.

In addition to reproductions of a number of previous
articles on "ritual murder" beneath a picture of Streicher,
another picture bears the caption: "At the Passover Meal.
The wine and Matzoh, unleavened bread, contains non-Jewish
blood. The Jew prays before the meal. He prays for death to
all non-Jews."

The fifth page of this same issue reproduces some of the
European and American newspaper articles and letters
protesting against this propaganda on "ritual murder." Among
these is the "Stuermer's" answer to the letter from the
Archbishop of Canterbury, written to the editor of the
London Times in protest (M-10)

Page 6 contains another picture of a man having his throat
cut; again the usual spurt of blood falling into a basin on
the floor, with the following caption:

     "The ritual murder of the boy Heinrich. In the year
     1345 the Jews in Munich slaughtered a non-Jewish boy.
     The martyr was declared holy by the church."

On page 8 appears another picture entitled:

     "The Holy Gabriel. This boy was crucified and tortured
     to death by the Jews in the year 1690. The blood was
     drawn off him."

Page 11 reproduces a piece of sculpture on the wall of the
Wallfahrts Chapel, representing the ritual murder of a boy
named Werner. The picture shows the boy strung up by his
feet and being murdered by two Jews. Page 12 reproduces
another picture taken from the same place. The caption is:

     "The embalmed body of Trient who was tortured to death
     by the Jews."

Page 13 contains another picture; somebody else having a
knife stuck into him; more blood coming out into a basin. On
page 14 are two pictures. One is said to show the ritual
murder of the boy Andreas. The other is the picture of a
tombstone, and the caption reads as follows:

     "The tombstone of Hilsner. This is the memorial to a
     Jewish ritual murderer, Leopold Hilsner. He was found
     guilty of two ritual murders and was condemned to death
     by hanging in two trials. The emperor was bribed and
     pardoned him. Masaryk, the friend of the Jews,
     liberated him
     
                                                  [Page 698]
                                                            
     from penal servitude in 1918. On his tombstone Iying
     Jewry calls this twofold murderer an innocent victim."

The next page produces yet another picture of a woman being
murdered by having her throat cut in the same way. Page 17
produces a picture of the Archbishop of Canterbury together
with a picture of an old Jewish man, with a caption reading:

     "Dr. Lang, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the highest
     dignitary of the English Church, and his allies, a
     typical example of the Jewish Race."

The last page contains a picture of "Holy Simon, who was
tortured to death."

This issue of "Der Stuermer" is nothing but an incitement to
the people of Germany who read it, an incitement to murder.
It is filled with pictures of murder, murder alleged to be
against the German people. It is an encouragement, to all
who read it to avenge themselves in the same way.

In January 1938 the persecution of the Jews became more and
more severe another special issue of "Der Stuermer" was
published. A passage from the leading article in that issue
written by Streicher, states:

     "*** The supreme aim and highest task of the state is
     therefore to conserve people, blood, and race. But if
     this is the supreme task, any crime against this law
     must be punished with the supreme penalty. 'Der
     Steurmer' takes therefore the view that there are only
     two punishments for the crime of polluting the race:

     "1. Penal servitude for life for attempted race pollution.
     
     "2. Death for committing race pollution." (M-39).

The following are some of the headlines on the articles
contained in that edition:

     "Jewish race polluters at work."
     
                           *******
     
     "Fifteen year old non-Jewess ravaged."
     
                           *******
     
     "A dangerous race polluter. He regards German women as
     fair game for himself."
     
                           *******
     
     "The Jewish sanatorium. A Jewish institution for the
     cultivation of race pollution."
     
                           *******
     
     "Rape of a feeble-minded girl."
     
                           *******
     
     "The Jewish butler. He steals from his Jewish masters
     and commits race pollution." (M-40).
     
                                                  [Page 699]
                                                            
Another article appearing in "Der Stuermer," written by
Streicher's editor, Karl Holz, states:

     "The revenge will break loose one day and will
     exterminate Jewry from the surface of the earth." (M-
     35).

Again, in September 1938, "Der Stuermer" published an
article describing the Jews as follows:

     "A parasite, an enemy, an evil-doer, a disseminator of
     diseases who must be destroyed in the interest of
     mankind." (M-36) .

This is no longer propaganda for the persecution of the
Jews; this is propaganda for the extermination of Jews, and
for the murder not of one Jew but of all Jews (see 2698-PS).

A picture published in "Der Stuermer" in December 1938 shows
a girl being strangled by a man whose hands are around her
neck. The shadow of the man's face, which is shown against
the background, has quite obvious Jewish features. The
caption under that picture is as follows:

     "Castration for Race Polluters. Only heavy penalties
     will preserve our womenfolk from a tighter grip from
     ghastly Jewish claws. The Jews are our misfortune."

(3) The Anti-Jewish demonstrations of November 1938.

While his anti-Jewish propaganda was becoming constantly
fiercer, Streicher took a leading part in the organized
demonstrations against the Jews which took place on 9
November 1938 and 10 November 1938. In the autumn of that
year, on the occasion of a meeting of press representatives
in Nurnberg, Streicher organized the breaking-up of the
Nurnberg synagogues. It was announced that Streicher
personally would set the crane in motion with which the
Jewish symbols would be torn down from the synagogues 1724-
PS). The event was described as follows:

     " *** the synagogue is being demolished! Julius
     Streicher himself inaugurates the work by a speech
     lasting more than an hour and a half. By his order --
     so to speak as a prelude of the demolition -- the
     tremendous Star of David came off the cupola." (2711-
     PS).

Streicher took active part in the November demonstrations of
that year, particularly in his Gau of Franconia. The
Nurnberg demonstrations were reported as follows in the
"Fraenksche Tageszeitung, which was Streicher's paper, on 11
November:

     " *** In Nurnberg and Furth it resulted in
     demonstrations by the crowd against the Jewish murders.
     These lasted until the early hours of the morning. Far
     too long had one watched the activities of the Jews in
     Germany."
     
                           *******
     
                                                  [Page 700]
                                                            
     "After midnight the excitement of the populace reached
     its peak and a large crowd marched to the synagogues in
     Nurnberg and Furth and burned these two Jewish
     buildings where the murder of Germans had been
     preached.
     
     "The fire-brigades, which had been notified
     immediately, saw to it that the fire was continued to
     the original outbreak The windows of the Jewish
     shopkeepers, who still had not given up hope of selling
     their junk to the stupid Goims, were smashed. Thanks to
     the disciplined behavior of the SA men and the police,
     who had rushed to the scene, there was no plundering."
     (M-42).

On 10 November, the day of the demonstrations, Streicher
made a speech stating in part as follows:

     "From the cradle, the Jew is not being taught, like we
     are, such texts as, 'Thou shalt love thy neighbor as
     thyself,' or 'If you are smitten on the left cheek,
     offer then your right one.' No, he is told: 'With the
     non-Jew you can do whatever you like.' He is even
     taught that the slaughtering of a non-Jew is an act
     pleasing to God. For 20 years we have been writing
     about this in 'Der Stuermer'; for 20 years we have been
     preaching it throughout the world and we have made
     millions recognize the truth."
     
     "The Jew slaughtered in one night 75,000 people; when
     he emigrated to Egypt he killed all the first-born,
     i.e. a whole future generation of Egyptians. What would
     have happened if the Jew had succeeded in driving the
     nations into war against us, and if we had lost the
     war? The Jew protected by foreign bayonets, would have
     fallen on us and would have slaughtered and murdered
     us. Never forget what history has taught us." (M-41)

After the November 1938 demonstrations, irregularities
occurred in the Gau of Franconia in connection with the
organized Aryanization of Jewish property. Aryanization of
Jewish property was regulated by the Nazi State, which had
decreed that the proceeds of the transfer of Jewish
properties to Aryans were to go to the State. In Streicher's
Gau of Franconia, however, a good deal of the proceeds never
found their way as far as the State. -As a result Goering
set up a commission to investigate what had taken place. The
report of that commission (1757-PS) describes what had been
taking place in Streicher's Gau:

     "*** Following upon the November demonstrations the
     Deputy Gauleiter, Holz, took up the Jewish questions.
     His
     
                                                  [Page 701]
                                                            
     reasons can be given here in detail on the basis of his
     statement of 25 March 1939:
     
     "The 9th and 10th of November 1938.

     "In the night of the 9 November 1938 and 10 November
     1938 and on 10 November 1938, events took place
     throughout Germany which I [Holz] considered to be the
     signal for a completely different treatment of the
     Jewish question in Germany. Synagogues and Jewish
     schools were burnt down and Jewish property was smashed
     both in shops and in private houses. Besides this, a
     large number of particular Jews were taken to
     concentration camps by the police. Toward midday we
     discussed these events in the Gauleiter's house. All of-
     us were of the opinion that we now faced a completely
     new state of affairs on the Jewish question. By the
     great action against the Jews, carried out in the night
     and morning of the 10th of November, all guiding
     principles and all laws on the subject had been made
     illusory. We were of the opinion (particularly myself)
     that we should now act on our own initiative in this
     respect. I proposed to the Gauleiter that in view -of
     the great existing lack of housing, the best thing
     would be to put the Jews into a kind of internment
     camp. Then the houses would become free in a twinkling,
     and the housing shortage would be relieved, at least in
     part. Besides that, we would have the Jews under
     control and supervision. I added 'The same thing
     happened to our prisoners of war and war internees.'
     The Gauleiter said that this suggestion was for the
     time being impossible to carry out. Thereupon I made a
     new proposal to him. I said that I considered it
     unthinkable that, after the Jews had had their property
     smashed, they -should continue to be able to own houses
     and land. I proposed that these houses and this land
     ought to be taken away from them, and declared myself
     ready to carry through such an action. I declared that
     by the Aryanization of Jewish land and houses a large
     sum could accrue to the Gau out of the proceeds. I
     named some million of marks. I stated that, in my
     opinion, this Aryanization could be carried out as
     legally as the Aryanization of shops. The Gauleiter's
     answer was something to this effect: 'If you think you
     can carry this out, do so. The sum gained will then be
     used to build a Gau school.' "

                           *******

     "The Aryanization was accomplished by the alienation
     
                                                  [Page 702]
                                                            
     of properties, the surrender of claims, especially
     mortgage claims, and reductions in buying price.

     "The payment allowed the Jews was basically 10% of the
     nominal value or nominal sum of the claim. As a
     justification for these low prices, Holz claimed at the
     Berlin meeting of 6 February 1939, that the Jews had
     mostly bought their property during the inflation
     period for a tenth of its value. As has been shown by
     investigating a large number of individual cases
     selected at random, this claim is not true." (1757-PS)

The second part of this report, which contains the findings
of the commission, reads in part as follows:

     "*** Gauleiter Streicher likes to beat people with a
     riding whip but only if he is in the company of several
     persons assisting him. Usually the beatings are carried
     out with sadistic brutality.
     
     "The best known case is that of Steinruck, whom he beat
     bloodily in the prison cell, together with Deputy
     Gauleiter Holz and SA Brigadier General Koenig. After
     returning from this scene to the Deutscher Hof he said:
     'Now I am relieved. I needed that again!' Later he also
     stated several times that he needed another Steinruck
     case in order to 'relieve' himself.
     
     "In August 1938, he beat Editor Burker at the District
     House together with District Office Leader Schoeller
     and his Adjutant Koenig.
     
     "On 2 December 1938 he asked to have three youthful
     criminals (15 to 17 years old) who had been arrested
     for robbery brought to the room of the director of the
     Criminal Police Office in Nurnberg-Furth. Streicher who
     was accompanied by his son, Lothar, had the youths
     brought in singly and question them about their sex
     life and in particular, through clear and detailed
     questioning, he laid stress on determining whether and
     since when they masturbated. ***
     
     "*** The last one of these three boys he beat with his
     riding whip, with blows on the head and on the rest of
     the body." (1757-PS)

A later passage shows the authority and power which
Streicher held in his Gau:

     "According to reports of reliable witnesses Gauleiter
     Streicher is in the habit of pointing out on the most
     varied occasions that he alone gives orders in the
     district of Franconia. For instance, at a meeting in
     the Colosseum in Nurn-
     
                                                  [Page 703]
                                                            
     berg in 1935 he said that nobody could remove him from
     office. In a meeting at Herkules Hall, where he
     described how he had beaten Professor Steinruck, he
     emphasized that he would not let himself be beaten by
     anybody, not even by an Adolf Hitler.
     
     "For, this also must be stated here, in Franconia the
     Gau acts first and then orders the absolutely powerless
     authorities to approve." (1757-PS)

That report shows the kind of treatment and persecution
which the Jews were receiving in the Gau over which
Streicher ruled. It further shows the absolute authority
with which Streicher acted in his district.

As a result either of that investigation or of some other
matter, Streicher was relieved of his position as Gauleiter
in February 1940, but he did not cease from propaganda or
from control of his newspaper. In an article written in "Der
Stuermer," on 4 November 1943, Streicher declared:

     "It is really the truth that the Jews, so to speak,
     have disappeared from Europe and that the Jewish
     reservoir of the East, from which the Jewish plague has
     for centuries beset the peoples of Europe, has ceased
     to exist. However, the Fuehrer of the German people at
     the beginning of the war prophesied what has now come
     to pass." (1965-PS).

That article, signed by Streicher, shows that he had
knowledge of the Jewish exterminations which were going on
in the East. Streicher's article was written in November
1943. In April 1943 the Warsaw ghetto was destroyed. Between
April 1942 and April 1944 more than 1,700,000 Jews were
killed in Auschwitz and Dachau. It seems clear from this
article that Streicher knew what was happening, perhaps not
the details, but the fact that Jews were being exterminated.

(4) Perversion of Youth.

Streicher paid particular attention to the instruction and
perversion of the children and youth of Germany. He was not
content with inciting the German population. He started to
poison the minds of the children at school at the earliest
possible date. He continually emphasized the need for
teaching children antisemitism. In a speech as early as June
1925 Streicher said:

     "I repeat, we demand the transformation of the school
     into a national German institution of education. If we
     let German children be taught by German teachers, then
     we shall have laid the foundations for the national
     German school. This national German school must teach
     racial doctrine."
     
                                                  [Page 704]
                                                            
                           *******
     
     "We demand, therefore, the introduction of racial
     doctrine into the school." (M-30)

The "Fraenkische Tageszeitung" of 19 March 1934 reports
Streicher's address at a girls' school at Preisslerstrasse:

     "Then Julius Streicher spoke about his life and told
     them about a girl who at one time went to his school
     and who fell for a Jew and was finished for the rest of
     her life." (M-43)

Every summer in Nurnberg a youth celebration was held. At
this pagan rite the youth of Nurnberg were rallied,
organized, and incited, encouraged by Streicher. Streicher's
speech to the Hitler Youth on the "Holy Mountain" near
Nurnberg on 22 June 1935 contained the following statements:

     "Boys and girls, look back to a little more than 10
     years ago. A great war -- the World War -- had whirled
     over the peoples of the earth and had left in the end a
     heap of ruins. Only one people remained victorious in
     this dreadful war, a people of whom Christ said its
     father is the devil. That people had ruined the German
     nation in body and soul. Then Adolf Hitler, unknown to
     anybody, arose from among the people and became the
     voice which called to a holy war and battle. He cried
     to the people for everybody to take courage again and
     to rise and get a helping hand to take the devil from
     the German people, so that the human race might be free
     again from these people that have wandered about the
     world for centuries and millennia, marked with the sign
     of Cain.

     "Boys and girls, even if they say that the Jews were once
     the chosen people, do not believe it, but believe us when we
     say that the Jews are not a chosen people. Because it cannot
     be that a chosen people should act among the peoples as the
     Jews do today." (M-1).

A report of Streicher's address to 2,000 children at
Nurnberg at Christmas-time, 1936, states:

     "'Do you know who the Devil is,' he asked his
     breathlessly listening audience. 'The Jew, the Jew,'
     resounded from a thousand children's voices."(M-44).

Streicher was not content with writing and talking. He
issued a book for teachers, written by one Fink and
published from the "Der Stuermer" offices, called "The
Jewish Question and School Instruction." This book
emphasizes the necessity of anti-semitic teaching in
schools, and suggests ways in which the subject can be
introduced and handled. The preface, written by Streicher,
reads in part as follows:

                                                  [Page 705]
                                                            
     "The National Socialist state brought fundamental
     changes into all spheres of life of the German people.
     
     "It has also presented the German teacher with some new
     tasks. The National Socialist state demands that its
     teachers instruct German children in social questions.
     As far as the German people is concerned the racial
     question is a Jewish question. Those who want to teach
     the child all about the Jew must themselves have a
     thorough knowledge of the subject.
     
     "Those who take to heart all that has been written with
     such feeling by Fritz Fink, who for many years has been
     greatly concerned about the German people, will be
     grateful for the creator of this outwardly
     insignificant publication." (M-46). The preface is
     signed by Julius Streicher, City of the Reich Party
     Rallies, Nurnberg, in the year 1937.

The introduction to this book reads as follows:

     "Racial and Jewish questions are the fundamental
     problems of the National Socialist ideology. The
     solution of these problems will secure the existence of
     National Socialism and with this the existence of our
     nation for all time. The enormous significance of the
     racial question is recognized almost without exception
     today by all the German people. In order to attain this
     recognition our people had to travel through a long
     road of suffering.
     
     "No one should be allowed to grow up in the midst of
     our people without this knowledge of the monstrous
     character and dangerousness of the Jew." (M-46).
     
A later passage in the book contains this statement:

     "One who has reached this stage of understanding will
     inevitably remain an enemy of the Jews all his life and
     will instill this hatred into his own children." (M-
     46).
     
     "Der Stuermer" also published some children's books.
     Although Streicher himself did not write the books,
     they were published from his publishing business, and
     they are on the same line of everything else published
     and issued from that business. Among these books was
     one entitled "Don't trust the Fox in the green meadow
     nor the Jew on his oath." It is a picture book for
     children. The pictures all depict Jews in an offensive
     light. And Opposite each picture there is a little
     story. For instance, opposite one picture, which
     portrays an unpleasant-looking Jewish butcher cutting
     up meat, there appears the following
     
     "The Jewish butcher: he sells half refuse instead of
     meat. A piece of meat lies on the floor; the cat claws
     another. This doesn't worry the Jew butcher since the
     meat increases in
     
                                                  [Page 706]
                                                            
     weight. Besides one mustn't forget he won't have to eat
     it himself." (M-32).

The story opposite another picture reads as follows:

     "Jesus Christ says 'The Jew is a murderer through and
     through'. And when Christ had to die the Lord didn't
     know any other people who would have tortured Him to
     death so he chose the Jews. That is why the Jews pride
     themselves on being the chosen people." (M-32).

Other pictures in this book portray: a girl being led away
by an evil-appearing Jew; Streicher smiling benignly at a
children's party, greeting the little children; children
looking at copies of "Der Stuermer" posted on a wall; Jewish
children being taken away from an Aryan school by an
unpleasant-looking father, with all the Aryan children
shouting and dancing and enjoying the fun very much (M-32).

Another book, called "The Poisonous Fungus," is very similar
in character and appearance, and likewise calculated to
poison the minds of readers. One of the pictures in this
book shows a girl sitting in a Jewish doctor's waiting room.
The story that goes with this picture is not a very pleasant
story, but it is only by adverting to these matters that it
becomes possible to believe the kind of education which
German children received from Streicher.

The story reads as follows:
     
     "Inge sits in the reception room of the Jew doctor. She
     has to wait a long time. She looks through the journals
     which are on the table. But she is much too nervous to
     read even a few sentences. Again and again she
     remembers the talk with her mother. And again and again
     her mind reflects on the warnings of her leader of the
     League of German Girls: 'A German must not consult a
     Jew doctor. And particularly not a German girl. Many a
     girl that went to a Jew doctor to be cured, found
     disease and disgrace !'
     
     "When Inge had entered the waiting room, she
     experienced an extraordinary incident. From the
     doctor's consulting room she could hear the sound of
     crying. She heard the voice of a young girl: 'Doctor,
     doctor, leave me alone!'

     "Then she heard the scornful laughing of a man. And
     then, all of a sudden, it became absolutely silent.
     Inge had listened breathlessly.
     
     "'What may be the meaning of all this?' she asked
     herself and her heart was pounding. And again she
     thought of the warning of her leader in the League of
     German Girls.

     "Inge was already waiting for an hour. Again she takes
     the
     
                                                  [Page 707]
                                                            
     journals in an endeavor to read. Then the door opens.
     Inge looks up. The Jew appears. She screams. In terror
     she drops the paper. Horrified she jumps up. Her eyes
     stare into the face of the Jewish doctor. And this face
     is the face of the devil. In the middle of this devil's
     face is a huge crooked nose. Behind the spectacles two
     criminal eyes. And the thick lips are grinning, a
     grinning that expresses: 'Now I got you at last, you
     little German girl !'
     
     "And then the Jew approaches her. His fleshy fingers
     stretch out after her. But now Inge has composed
     herself. Before the Jew can grab hold of her, she
     smacks the fat face of the Jew doctor with her hand.
     One jump to the door. Breathlessly Inge runs down the
     stairs. Breathlessly she escapes the Jew house." (1778-
     PS).

Another photograph shows youthful admirers standing around
looking at Streicher's picture, with the following
commentary:

     "'Without a solution of the Jewish question there will
     be no salvation for mankind.' That is what he shouted
     to us. All of us could understand him. And when, at the
     end, he shouted 'Sieg Heil' for the Fuehrer, we all
     acclaimed him with tremendous enthusiasm. For two hours
     Streicher spoke at that occasion. To us it appeared to
     have been but a few minutes." (1778-PS).

The effect of all this propaganda is evident from the
columns of "Der Stuermer" itself. In April 1936 there was
published a letter, which is typical of many others that
appear in other copies from children of all ages. The third
paragraph of this letter, signed by the boys and girls of
the National Socialist Youth Hostel at Grossmuellen, reads:

     "*** Today we saw a play on how the devil persuades -
     the Jew to shoot a conscientious National Socialist. In
     the course of the play the Jew did it too. We all heard
     the shot. We would have all liked to jump up and arrest
     the Jew. But then the policeman came and after a short
     struggle took the Jew along. You can imagine, dear
     Stuermer, that we heartily cheered the policeman. In
     the whole play not one name was mentioned, but we all
     knew that this play represented the murder by the Jew
     Frankfurter. We were very sick when we went to bed that
     night. None felt like talking to the others. This play
     made it clear to us how the Jew sets to work." (M-25).

                                                  [Page 708]
                                                            
C. STREICHER'S USE OF HIS AUTHORITY AS GAULEITER
IN THE SERVICE OF THE CONSPIRACY

Streicher's authority as a Gauleiter was extensive. The
Organization Book of the NSDAP for 1938 describes the duties
and authority of Gauleiters as follows:

     "The Gauleiter bears over-all responsibility for the
     Fuehrer for the sector of sovereignty entrusted to him.
     The rights, duties and jurisdiction of the Gauleiter
     result primarily from the mission assigned by the
     Fuehrer and, apart from that, from detailed direction."
     (1814-PS)

Streicher's association with the Fuehrer and other Nazi
conspirators may also be seen from the newspapers. On the
occasion of Streicher's 50th birthday, Hitler paid a visit
to Nurnberg to congratulate him. The account of that meeting
is published in the "Voelkischer Beobachter" of 13 February
1934 as follows:

     "Adolf Hitler spoke to his old comrades in battle and
     to his followers in words which went straight to their
     hearts. By way of introduction he remarked that it was
     a special pleasure to be present for a short while in
     Nurnberg, the town of the National Socialist community
     which had been steeled in battle, at this day of honor
     of Julius Streicher, and to be within the circle of the
     standard bearers of the National Socialist idea during
     many years.
     
     "Just as they, all of them, had during the years of
     oppression unshakeably believed in the victory of the
     movement, so his friend and comrade in the battle,
     Streicher, had stood faithfully at his side at all
     times. It had been this unshakeable belief that had
     moved mountains.
     
     "For Streicher it would surely be a solemn thought,
     that this 50th anniversary meant not only the halfway
     point of a century, but also of a thousand years of
     German history to him. He had in Streicher a companion
     of whom he could say that here in Nurnberg was a man
     who would never waver for a single second and who would
     unflinchingly stand behind him in every situation." (M-
     8).

A letter from Himmler, published in "Der Stuermer" of April
1937, declared:

     "If in future years the history of the reawakening of
     the German people is written, and if already the next
     generation will be unable to understand that the German
     people was once friendly to the Jews, it will be stated
     that Julius Streicher and his weekly paper 'Der
     Stuermer' have contributed a great deal towards the
     enlightenment regarding the
     
                                                  [Page 709]
                                                            
     enemy of humanity. "(Signed) For the Reichsfuehrer SS,
     Himmler."

Finally a letter from von Schirach, the Reich Youth Leader,
published in "Der Stuermer" of January 1938, had this to
say:

     "It is the historical merit of 'Der Stuermer' to have
     enlightened the broad masses of our people in a popular
     way as to the Jewish world danger. 'Der Stuermer' is
     right in refusing to fulfill its task in the tone of
     the aesthetic drawing room. Jewry has shown no regard
     for the German people. We have, therefore, no cause to
     be considerate and to spare our worst enemy. What we
     fail to do today our youngsters of tomorrow will have
     to suffer for bitterly." (M-45).

D. CONCLUSION.

It may be that Streicher is less directly involved in the
physical commission of the crimes against Jews than some of
his coconspirators. The submission of the Prosecution is
that his crime is no less worse for that reason. No
government in the world, before the Nazis came to power,
could have embarked upon and it; into effect a policy of
mass Jewish extermination in the way in which they did,
without having a people who would back them and support
them, and without having a large number of people who were
prepared to carry out the murder themselves. (See Chapter
XII on Persecution of the Jews.)

It was to the task of educating and poisoning the people
with hate, and of producing murderers, that Streicher set
himself. For 25 years he continued unrelentingly the
perversion of the people and youth of Germany. He went on
and on, as he saw the results of his work bearing fruit.

In the early days he was preaching persecution. As
persecution took place he preached extermination and
annihilation and, as millions of Jews were exterminated and
annihilated, in the Ghettos of the East, he cried out for
more and more.

The crime of Streicher is that he made these crimes
possible, which they would never have been had it not been
for him and for those like him. Without Streicher and his
propaganda, the Kaltenbrunners, the Himmlers, the General
Stroops would have had nobody to do their

In its extent Streicher's crime is probably greater and more
far-reaching than that of any of the other defendants. The
misery which they caused ceased with their capture. The
effects of this man's crime, of the poison that he has put
into the minds of millions of young boys and girls goes on,
for he concentrated upon the youth and childhood of Germany.
He leaves behind him a legacy of almost a whole people
poisoned with hate, sadism, and murder, and perverted by
him. That people remain a problem and perhaps a menace to
the rest of civilization for generations to come.


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