Hate-Motivated Violence

Glenn A. Gilmour
(1994 Working Paper)

May 1994
WD 1994-6e

The present study was funded by the Research Section, Department of Justice Canada The views expressed herein are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department.

• Executive Summary
• Introduction
  • Footnotes
• Methodology & Literature (Includes following)
  • Methodology
  • Literature Review
    • Data on Hate-Motivated Violence
      • A Brief History of Hate-Motivated Violence in Canada
      • Recent Canadian Data
      • Recent Foreign Data
    • Analysis of Persons Who Commit Hate-Motivated Violence
  • Summary
  • Footnotes
• Present Law
  • Case Law & Proposals for Reform
  • Summary
  • Footnotes
• Who Should Be Protected?
  • Problems and Issues in Deciding Whom to Protect
  • Summary
  • Footnotes
• Foreign Jurisdictions
  • The United States
    • Federal Law
      • The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990
      • Religious Vandalism Act of 1988
      • Federal Civil Rights Legislation
      • Other Government Initiatives
    • State Law
      • Specific Hate Crime Laws
      • Civil Rights Provisions
      • Hate Crime Reporting Statutes and Police Initiatives
  • England
  • Australia
    • Present Law
    • The Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission
    • The Australian Law Reform Commission
  • New Zealand
  • Federal Republic of Germany
  • France
  • Sweden
  • Summary
  • Footnotes 1-134
    • Footnotes 135-177
• The Rodney King Case & Possible Implications for Canada
  • The Rodney King Case
  • Possible Implications for Canada
  • Summary
  • Footnotes
• Options for Reform
  • Refusing to Allow the Criminal Law to Respond to Hate-Motivated Violence
  • Creating a Federal Hate Crime Statistics Act
  • Combatting Hate-Motivate Violence by Increasing the Penalty for the Basic Crime
  • Creating Specific Hate-Motivated Crimes
    • Arguments for the Creation of Hate Crimes
    • Constitutional Concerns
    • Tests of Criminality
    • Options in Defining Hate-Motivated Crimes (1 of 2)
      • Options in Defining Hate-Motivated Crimes (2 of 2)
    • Options Relating to Ancillary Issues (1 of 2)
      • Options Relating to Ancillary Issues (1 of 2)
  • Footnotes 1-224
    • Footnotes 225-249
• Conclusion
• Bibliography (1 of 2)
  • Bibliography (2 of 2)

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